The Super Project Essay Example

The Super Project Essay Example The Super Project Essay The Super Project Essay Similarly, had the firm not engaged this excess capacity in the production of Super, it is likely that it would have been put to another productive use (probably In the production of Jell-O, a product line whose production levels have recently Increased substantially). For these reasons, the proportional use of the costs associated with the Jell-O building (66. 6%) and agglomerate (50%) must be added as Opportunity Costs; this also necessitates certain assumptions regarding CA tax shields and depreciation (see Appendix 8). Overhead Cost Allocation: The Stand Alone principle requires that a reject par If It is using resources from other departments. However, since overhead spending decisions at SGF are made separately from decisions to Increase volume (p. 444), projects should be evaluated on an Incremental basis. Since overhead cash flows (utilities, etc. ) are the same whether or not the project is accepted, charging overhead to the project would be inappropriate in this case. ROOF: ROOF at SGF is calculated by dividing the 10-year average profit before taxes by 10-year average funds employed. In essence, SGF Is using the Average Accounting Return (EAR). There are 3 major problems with this approach: first, the method uses accounting numbers rather than real cash flows; second, because It Is an average, the timing of cash flows (I. E. When inflows/outflows occur) is not taken into account; third, the 40% ROOF is chosen somewhat arbitrarily. The EAR method may entice managers to only choose projects that are profitable in the near term, rather than evaluating them based on their long-term value and contribution. The first period only depreciates by 5% while the next nine will depreciate by 10%. After all the depreciation has occurred there will just be the salvage value remaining for the capital asset. With depreciation being paid each year there is a tax shield created. A tax shield is a deduction in income taxes that result from taking an allowable deduction from taxable income. To find out how much the tax shield the Super Project has, just take the amount of depreciation for that period and multiple it by the tax rate (52%). The tax rate used was the average tax rate over the past 10 years. Cost of Debt and cost of equity help get different rates that are an important factor in figuring out the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Cost of debt gives the interest rate General Foods would pay for all the current debts. While the cost of equity is the minimum rate of return that they must offer shareholders to keep them investing in their company. The Super Project has cost of debt of 1. 57% and cost of equity of 13%. This helps figure out the WACC which is the rate we expect to pay on average to all security holders to finance our assets. The WACC for the super project is 11. 77% which is less than the 13% rate of return that the shareholders are looking for. This tells us that the Super Project might not be the best idea. NPV is still the best measure for capital budgeting so we went ahead and did the calculations for it. To figure out the net present value we have to first figure out the cash flow. In 1968 we get earnings before income taxes of $283. This is the $643 total investment minus the $360 cost for test markets that we see as a sunk cost and are not including it as part of the Super Project. The cash flow generates positive revenue for the Super Project but we still have to factor in that the Super Project is eroding 20% of Jell-O causing their revenues to decrease along with their cash flow. After cash flow is figured out we are finally able to see what the NPV is. When calculating NPV you have to get the sum of discounted cash flows and add it to the initial investment. For the Super Project we get $298. 4 discounted cash flow + (653) fixed investment = (354. 6) NPV. With the NPV being a negative number, we know to reject the super project.

5 Ways to Make a Sentence More Concise

5 Ways to Make a Sentence More Concise 5 Ways to Make a Sentence More Concise 5 Ways to Make a Sentence More Concise By Mark Nichol Expressing oneself clearly and concisely in speech is a challenge because one has so little time to order one’s thoughts and choose one’s wording carefully, but writing is easily improved with even the briefest review. Always read over what you have written (whether it’s a tweet or a book manuscript) before you distribute or publish it- not only to adhere to the mechanical basics of grammar, syntax, usage, and style but also to check for narrative flow and conciseness. The following sentences, and the discussions and revisions that follow each one, include advice for paring unnecessary words and phrases. 1. As you establish your policies, it is recommended that you develop a comprehensive list of business activities. When offering recommendations, avoid overly polite entreaties, and simply state the advice as an imperative: â€Å"As you establish your policies, develop a comprehensive list of business activities.† (Other words that signal an expendable phrase are advised, suggested, necessary, and imperative.) 2. Nearly all of the processes and steps conducted during this phase were planned in the early stages. In â€Å"all of the† phrases, of is almost always optional, and the can often be safely omitted as well: â€Å"Nearly all processes and steps conducted during this phase were planned in the early stages.† 3. IPO activity has increased over the past few years, and that presents a great advantage for the company. Be alert for opportunities to condense sentences consisting of two independent clauses into a simple statement. Here, what was an introduced observation is recast as an acknowledged phenomenon, changing the subject from â€Å"IPO activity† to â€Å"the increase in IPO activity†: â€Å"The increase in IPO activity over the past few years presents a great advantage for the company.† 4. Organizations can realize tremendous value from risk management in a cost-effective and efficient way. The presence of way (or manner, or basis, or any similar vague noun) at the end of a sentence signals a sentence in need of abbreviation. Simply dismantle the phrase that ends with the noun and convert the adjectives that precede the noun into adverbs: â€Å"Organizations can cost-effectively and efficiently realize tremendous value from risk management.† 5. There are core sets of critical activities and critical communications that must be performed at this stage. When a sentence or clause begins with an expletive (â€Å"There is/are† or â€Å"It is/They are†), consider omitting the phrase and beginning the sentence with the noun or noun phrase that follows (and delete the now-extraneous that that follows the subject): â€Å"Core sets of critical activities and critical communications must be performed at this stage.† Taking Conciseness Too Far Be cautious, however, about overzealous conciseness, as in the case of multiple nouns and noun phrases stacked in a dense swarm of words. Relaxing a sentence can be just as effective as tightening it in improving a sentence: Overly concise: Executive management and board of directors’ expectations about scalability can be unrealistic. Relaxed: The expectations of executive management and the board of directors about scalability can be unrealistic. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Yiddish Handbook: 40 Words You Should KnowBetween vs. In BetweenCapitalizing Titles of People and Groups

Microeconomics class; News Article Analysis Essay

Microeconomics class; News Article Analysis - Essay Example According to research by the IMF, what is important is consistency in wealth creation, which eliminates inequality at the long run. Other economics believe that, poverty does not arise from inequality, but the move by the government to increase tax against the rich in efforts of ensuring equal distribution of wealth. Countries that focus more on wealth distribution face lengthy periods of slow economic growth. This is because the level of spending within the county is not only low, but also not uniform. According to the article, unequal countries are poor in terms of social indicators, for example, achievements in education, compared to countries that have equality in income distribution. This is an indication that poor families find it hard to invest in education, which pushes them to higher levels of poverty. Up to some levels, redistribution of wealth does not affect wealth creation. For example, in countries with substantial redistribution, the growth in wealth per individual is not substantially lower. However, countries with more redistribution may face shorter growth spells (The Economist). According to the article, there is a positive correlation between wealth creation and income inequality. In other words, the more unequal a country is, the more the rate of income growth. High-income inequality means that only a small proportion of the population within an economy controls the wealth. Therefore, consumption within the economy is as well concentrated within the small population. There is a direct association connecting wealth creation within an economy and the level of expenditure or consumption. In unequal countries, the level of consumption is low because it is concentrated within a few citizens that own resources. Therefore, there is a lack of enough expenditure to spur growth. Developed countries across the world, create more wealth than the developing countries. This is because the level of expenditure within the economies is

Assignment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Assignment - Case Study Example Therefore, the buyers have a reasonable influence on the prices that Movie Rental Industry sets for its rental movies, though not wholesomely. The bargaining power of suppliers in the rental movie industry is high, since it is the content providers, the networking companies and the distribution studios that regulate the prices that movie rental industry pays for the supply of the rental movies (Patton, 142). Therefore, considering the fact that the movie DVD format are continuously getting out of fashion while the digital hiring of movies is becoming the common trend in the modern world, movie rental industry is completely vulnerable to the distribution studios terms and conditions, since the studios hold the copyright privileges and may rent or withdraw the rights at will (Patton, 42). This leaves movie rental industry without much say regarding what price to pay for whatever content is offered. Internal competitive rivalry for movie rental industry is low, because the niche market operated by movie rental industry has the theater as the other main competitor, meaning that the internal competitive rivalry is low (Patton, 140). However, outside of the niche market, the competitive forces might be high, owing to the fact that there are many other operators in the wider entertainment industry, especially the theater locations for live performances. Thus, while the movie rental industry is a growing industry where competition is set to be high in the coming days, the niche market of digital rental movies is currently not very crowded, making the internal niche market competition low. While the entry into the rental movie market is not very restricted, the cost of attaining the digital distribution license is high, thus making it relatively difficult for many similar entities offering the same product to enter and thus offer a low-medium threat to the movie rental industry services (Patton, 143). Additionally, the digital distribution of

Personal Ethic Statement Essay Example for Free

Personal Ethic Statement Essay VirtuePersonal Ethics Statement Personal ethics provides a foundation for an individuals’ moral scale. It reflects personal beliefs on values, morals, right, and wrong. Personal ethics is influenced by family, friends, community, religion, culture, and coworkers; and that can have a positive or negative impact. Personal ethics varies from person to person; some points may be similar whereas others will differ. Personal ethics drives actions, and to some point, emotions day by day. Depending, on the individual our personal ethics and where we stand will lead us on a path of failure or success. According to my Ethical Lens Inventory, my preferred ethical lens is Rights- Responsibility and Results Lens (Ethical Lens Inventory Games), meaning that I can think rationally and still be emotionally balanced while coming up with a solution for the greater good of the people. I value independence and individual rights while making sure everyone is treated fairly. I am optimistic and like to bring new ideas to the table that someone may not have seen before. My blind spot is â€Å"Belief that motives justify methods or your own good is good† (Ethical Lens Inventory Games). Sometimes I let people down who are depending on me. I can ignore other problems as long as mines are solved. My strengths are â€Å"Self Knowledge and Free will† (Ethical Lens Inventory Games) I believe in balancing responsibility and entrepreneurship. I believe everyone should be accountable and self-reliant because I am so I expect that from others. My weakness is once I have made up my mind about something that I can close the door on other interpretation. I also have to accept that I cannot do everything by myself and that if I do not take the time to reflect that I can fail and become exhausted. My values are Autonomy, Rationality, Sensibility, Temperance, and Prudence (Ethical Lens Inventory Games). As a result of my personal background and what I have learned, I have placed prominence on being independent but also accepting help from others. My course of action is taking and accepting responsibility for my own actions. I have high expectations and my actions will determine my level of success. I will take time out to reflect on who I am, who I want to become and how I am going to get there. I am going to do what is right and in my heart. I will not change who I am for others even if they dislike me. I will follow the golden rule and treat people how I want to be treated. I will be fair to others and avoid being biased. I will fulfill my duties for those counting on me, and be respectful and show dignity for myself and for others. I will never settle for less and try my hardest at everything that I do, and seek continued improvement. References Ethics Games. Ethical Lens Inventory Report. Retrieved from http://www. ethicsgames. com

Female Genital Mutilation Essay -- essays research papers fc

The practice of female genital mutilation, also known as female circumcision, occurs throughout the world, but it is most common in Africa. Female genital mutilation is a tradition and social custom to keep a young girl pure and a married woman faithful. In Africa it is practiced in the majority of the continent including Kenya, Nigeria, Mali, Upper Volta, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Mozambique and Sudan. It is a cross-cultural and cross-religious ritual, which is performed by Muslims, Coptic Christians, Protestants, Catholics and members of various indigenous groups.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Female genital mutilation is usually performed on girls before they reach puberty. It is a procedure where either part or the entire clitoris is surgically removed leaving a reduced or total lack of sexual feeling. This procedure is an attempt to reduce the sex drive of women, making them less likely to be sexually active before marriage or engage in extra-marital affairs. Although this procedure can be seen as a means to control a woman’s sexuality, the act of female circumcision determines the gender identity of women. A circumcised woman is a virgin, ready for marriage and to bear children for her husband, â€Å"Girls who are infibulated will probably not find husbands. In most cases they will become outcasts.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Female genital mutilation is not a new practice. In fact circumcised females have been discovered among the mummies of ancient Egyptians. A Greek papyrus dated 163 BC refers to operations performed on girls at the age they received their dowries. A Greek geographer reported the custom of circumcision of girls he found while visiting Egypt in 25 BC. In Africa female circumcision has been reported in at least twenty-six countries and can be viewed as a public health problem â€Å"because of its wide geographic distribution, the number of females involved and the serious complications caused by the operation.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Female genital mutilation is practiced in three major forms: â€Å"Sunna† circumcision, Clitoridectomy, and Infibulation. Sunna circumcision consists of the removal of the tip of the clitoris and/or the prepuce (covering). Clitoridectomy, also referred to as excision, consists of the removal of the entire clitoris (both prepuce and glans) and removal of the adjacent labia. Infibulation, also referred to as phara... ...s, and aunts footsteps, which would bring shame against herself and tarnish her family honor. Female genital mutilation is such a brutal and barbaric practice that it is amazing it is still occurs today. The health hazards associated with it should be enough to have it terminated. However, the reasons women have forgoing through with the operation is the custom of female genital mutilation is so engrained in their sociocultural system. The importance of family honor, virginity, chastity, purity, marriageability, and childbearing in these societies cannot be overstressed. Therefore in the minds of the people who adhere to this belief, the benefits gained from this operation for the girl and her family far outweigh any potential danger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited Female Genital Mutilation. See: http://www.religioustolerance.org/fem_cirm.htm Female Genital Mutilation Research Homepage. See: http://www.hollyfield.org/fgm/ Kouba, Leonard and Judith Muasher 1985 Female Circumcision in Africa: an Overview. African Studies Review 28:95-110. Van Der Kwaak, Anke 1992 Female Circumcision and Gender Identity: A Questionable Alliance? Social Science and Medicine 35(6):777-787.

Statistical Literature Review and Critique of Empirical Article

ARTICLE REVIEW AND CRITIQUE: â€Å"Efficiency of Brand Placement in an International Film- Effects of Exposure in a Local Context† Slim Khalbous and Merium Maazoul Journal of Creative Communications, Volume 5, Issue 1 (March 2010), p. 23-46 SYNOPSIS Product and brand placement arouses a particular interest at the announcers. However the massive use of brands in international programs incites us to wonder about the effect of the local socio-cultural context on the efficiency of this creative technique.This research presents, first an explanatory abstract frame of the influence of the local context variables and the variables of programming on the recall of the placement; and second an empirical validation realized in two phases. First of all, a qualitative analysis of contents by experts; then a quantitative study by experimentation realized with 150 individuals. The results show that, globally the effect of the local context on the memorization of the placement is direct and t hat the recall of the placed brands depends on attitudes towards the spoken language, on social interactions and some characteristics of the audience.KEYWORDS Brand placement, recall, programming, context, exposing language, social interactions The empirical application was done by showing a James Bond film that had several product placements in a part of North Africa called Tunisia; an area where a lot of international films are consumed. The study wanted to explore the â€Å"effect of the specific context related to the international film on the effectiveness of the placement in terms of memorization. In order to do this, the research had to go through three stages: (1) a state of the art, which generated some of the research propositions (2) a qualitative phase, to choose and analyze the international film, and (3) a quantitative phase, which would measure the impact of exposure in the effectiveness of placement in the film. Attitudes toward Language Effect Foreign language can improve the advertising effectiveness for a product because a foreign language attracts attention, creates a positive attitude, and is more memorable, which can be explained by Helfer’s theory of mbiguity. A study done by Khalbous and Maazaul in 2007 proved that the â€Å"attitude toward advertising is positive when the audience prefers watching the programs in French and commercials in Arabic. † Social interactions also play a huge role in product memorization and attitudes because people will remember what they were saying or doing with others while watching television or film. Individual Variables Effect Gender and the area of residence are two variables on the effectiveness of product placement.American, French, and Austrian men are more likely to accept a product seen in films than women according to studies. However, another study showed that women have more positive attitudes towards placement. â€Å"On the other hand, women would be emotionally more touched th an men, by the stimuli which surrounds them, especially television programs to which they are exposed (Schwartz et al. 1980). † The area of residence is the other factor. The wealthier areas are more likely to be less favorable towards product placement because they are exposed to it more, and have become bored with the predictability of it. According to the study of Hall (2004), the percentage of consumers who said they would try a product if they saw it in a film is 53 percent in Mexico, 49 percent in Singapore, 35 percent in India, and only 26 percent in the USA and 8 percent in France. † The Effect of Specific Context Related to the Program The appreciation of an international film, and the intensity of the emotions generated by the film were the two aspects being studied in this area of research.Most of the interest was about the impact of the characteristics of the film and how they affect the audience’s cognitive reactions. Program Liking Effect Although th ere was no link found between the film’s likability and the memory of product placement in a study conducted in 1994 by Karrh, there was evidence of a link found in 2000. In that study, Blonde & Roozen (2007) found evidence of people being more likely to remember a product placed in a film they liked. International Placement and Tunisian Local ContextThe empirical validation of the conceptual framework was conducted in two stages: the qualitative analysis to select and qualify the selected film (the visual content analysis by experts), and then (2) a quantitative study which determined the impact of the contextual variables on the effectiveness of the placement of products in the film (the experiment). Selection and Analysis of Placements in an International Film: Qualitative Stage Choice of International FilmJames Bond- Tomorrow Never Dies (1997) was the film chosen by a board of four experts for three reasons: it’s known for use of product placement, because the film was not created to pertain to a certain audience, and because the old exit date of the film eliminates short and medium term memorization. Quantitative Experimentation of the Selected Film The main focus was to test the effects of the exposure on the efficiency of placement, while controlling the external variables. Model and Hypothesis of MeasurementIn order to test the relationship between the variables, two things were necessary: firstly, to propose measurements of conceptual framework, and secondly, to form the hypothesis of research to be studied quantitatively. Measurement and Experimental Design The sample used in this study was composed of 150 undergraduate students whose average age ranged between 20 and 22 years old. In order to minimize sampling confound, the students were from different areas and levels of study, different income levels, and were from three different universities, each in different cities in the country.Type of Recalled Placements: Qualitative Analysis of Frequencies According to Table 2, the frequencies of recall of the product placements show that BMW stands out more than the others because it is the only audio-visual placement in the film. It was also repeated several times. Next is Ericsson, whose high scores are due to the familiarity of the brand to Tunisians. The scores may be high for Ericsson, but its rate of recall is low because of its very subtle placement in the film.According to Khalbous and Maazaul, â€Å"the qualitative analysis showed that the high scores of recall were obtained for the audio-visual placements, integrated in the scenario of film, where the brand is presented in a very visible way, accompanied by several integrated and prominent recalls of placement. These results agree results agree with the conclusions of Lehu’s study (2005), according to which the traditional criteria of the placement does not systematically guarantee the success of a placement, by enhancing the recall of the brand.It is thus necessary to consider a global approach integrating the various creative techniques of placement. † Three Things I Liked First of all, the topic was interesting to me because I can relate my own experiences to it. For instance, I have seen a few James Bond movies, and what I love mostly about them is the cars. When I think of James Bond, I think of an Aston Martin V12 Vanquish, a dream car of mine only because of the film James Bond 007- Die Another Day.Obviously, the product placement caught my attention, like it did to most of the sample of college students in Africa that were being studied, and was memorable to me, since I’m still talking about it today, even though I saw the film about 5 years ago. Another thing I liked was the study about audio-visual seeming to make the biggest impact on product memorization. I agree with this conclusion because while searching for a movie clip online of my favorite moment of the James Bond 007 Aston Martin V12 Vanquish, I s tumbled onto the wrong clip.I didn’t even remember the part when James Bond’s assistant introduces him to the Vanquish. Based upon research done, the article tells me why: because there was no sound to go along with it. The only part of the movie (or actually, the car) I remember was a very noisy moment full of engine revs and tire squeals. I also liked the study they did on emotion influencing memory, and agree with it also. I can remember when I saw the James Bond movie at the theater, and the feeling I had while watching James Bond drive the Aston Martin on a sheet of ice during a high-speed chase.I was scared, nervous, excited, and my adrenaline was pumping. Immediately after the scene, I turned to my boyfriend and asked â€Å"What kind of car was that? † because I knew it belonged on my dream list. To this day, when someone asks me what my dream car is, I say â€Å"An Aston Martin V12 Vanquish. † I’ve never seen the movie again, but that car, and the feeling I had when I saw it has stayed with me. A few minutes ago, when I went to YouTube and did a search for the â€Å"007 ice chase† I eventually got the right clip; the one that gave me that feeling of excitement.I was surprised, and a little disappointed that I didn’t get the same feeling. Actually, I’m thinking of changing my dream car now, because I don’t think it’s quite as attractive as I remembered it being. This raises a question that I didn’t see research done on in the article: What are the benefits of product placement in an international film vs. an international commercial. I’ve seen some pretty in-depth, action-packed car commercials, but none of them have managed to persuade me to let go of my first dream car, the Aston Martin. Why is that?Is it because there isn’t enough time for a commercial to spark that kind of height of emotion in me? Or maybe because I view commercials as being annoying (except f or Super Bowl commercials; those I like because it gives me something to look forward to during the game). Maybe it’s just the whole experience of being in a movie theater, with that special someone, and being surrounded by loud â€Å"Vrooms! †, and hearing others’ reactions to the movie that just can’t be captured by watching a commercial. I don’t know, but I think these researcher guys are onto something! What I Didn’t LikeLike I said before, I would have liked for them to compare the effect of international commercials and the effect of international films because maybe there is a way to get create enough emotion in a short 120 second commercial if it’s in a language not native to the viewers. I would also like to know about the similarities and differences between the effectiveness of product placement in an international film and one that is native if there are any. Question According to Khalbous and Maazaul, high scores of recal l of the products placed in the James Bond film were obtained for what reasons?

Acquainted with the Night by Robert Frost Essay

Walking alone at night, for some, can seem like a peaceful thing to do, to help clear a person’s mind and let the day’s troubles disappear into the dark. For others, though, the night is when a person feels the most alone and must face their own demons. Robert Frost makes the night become that dark, grim and depressing time in which people reflect on themselves in his poem â€Å"Acquainted with the Night†. The first time reading the poem, one just simply thinks a person is taking a walk at night in the city, keeping to themself when meeting the watchman and listening to the sounds on the streets around, all the while keeping time by the moon in the sky as to when to head back home. But, when taking a closer look, the reader can begin to see the pain, grief and the foreboding feeling the speaker has about life itself, the feeling of being alone and wanting it to stay that way. It also shows that the speaker isn’t the only person with pain and grief on this night. The theme of Robert Frost’s poem â€Å"Acquainted with the Night† is depression and grief in the speakers’ personal life. Frost tells us this by using symbolism and tone in the lines of the poem. â€Å"I have walked out in rain – and back in rain. † The second line in the poem tells the reader that whatever troubles the speaker is having or has had is so much for this person, that when they walk in the night, it doesn’t matter what the weather is, they will walk and walk all night through the rain, trying to out walk their troubles. The rain can also symbolize life itself, always pouring one thing after another on a person, one stress after another, one heartache after another, and sometimes no matter how strong a person is, they can never get away from that rain. The following line, â€Å"I have outwalked the furthest city light. † tells the reader, in the literal sense, that the speaker also does not care about the distance as to which they will walk to try to leave their troubles behind. Or it can symbolize that no matter how far a person goes in life, there is always trouble waiting. I have looked down the saddest city lane. † shows the reader that the speaker, though physically alone, isn’t all that alone in the grimness of life. The lane the speaker is looking down gives the reader the picture that it is run down, abandoned almost and even probably poverty stricken. The reader sees that the speaker isn’t the only one with trouble and depression, it surrounds the speaker but the he sees himself as alone in that he is wrapped up in his own feelings and thoughts. Even when the speaker passes the watchman on the treet, he doesn’t want to explain why he is out at night and averts his eyes so that maybe he will get by without being stopped. The speaker wants to keep the solitude he has in his mind intact so he wants to avoid even speaking to the watchman. The lines 7 through 10 go more in depth of the speakers’ feelings of solitude and isolation while he is out in the night: â€Å"I have stood still and stopped the sound of feet When far away an interrupted cry Came over houses from another street, but not to call me back or say good-bye;† The 7th line shows that the speaker really is all alone out there when walking; there are no other sounds of people walking or going about on the street he is walking down. The speaker walking alone reflects how he feels in his everyday life, alone, no one to walk with him and take on the troubles of life. But, he isn’t too far away from others because he can hear a cry from another lost soul dealing with their own turmoil. The lines 8 to 9 make the entire poem come across as almost horrific, because the reader then wonders what kind of cry is it that the speaker is hearing? Is the sound of some crime? Or just another person in and dealing with their own hell? Then the final lines of the poem bring home the morbid tone of the entire piece. Line 11, â€Å"And further still at an unearthly height† symbolizes how the speaker feels about how out of reach and out of touch he is with his surroundings and possibly with life itself. The lines 12 and 13, â€Å"One luminary clock against the sky / Proclaimed the time was neither wrong nor right. † makes the reader feel the dark tone of the poem even more. The reader, at this point, is brought closer to understanding the speaker’s feeling of loneliness and solitude because that is how most people feel, no matter when it is, it is never the right time or the wrong time for almost anything. It feels as if one can almost never make the right call as to when to do something in their life that is important. The line 13 makes the reader wonder if the speaker is considering suicide, that the speaker is wondering if the time is ever right for committing suicide, or is it ever right for living life. The repeated line â€Å"I have been one acquainted with he night† as the first and last lines of the poem is the final piece that really sets the tone of darkness for the poem as a whole. Night is usually acquainted with darkness, scary things, loneliness, solitude, unhappiness and even depression. So the simple line brings to light the deepness of the inability of the speaker not being able to find things in common with those around him, not being able to open up and discuss himself and his feelings and thoughts. He has known trouble and pain, and doesn’t know how to leave it behind, so he carries it with him so that even during the day, he feels as if he is always in the darkness of night. Overall, Frost’s poem â€Å"Acquainted with the Night† is a poem that can be taken just literally, or symbolically. It depends on the kind of outlook on life each person that reads the poem has. Some might not see the symbolism of the feelings of darkness, isolation and grief, while others see it right away. But either way, the reader can still feel the dark tone of the poem whether it is the first time reading it, or the hundredth, just from the beginning and ending lines, â€Å"I have been one acquainted with the night†.

Math History essays

Math History essays 1. Pythagoreans discover irrational numbers. 532 BC 3. Archimedes determines formulas for the area and volume of a sphere. 250 B.C. 4. Eratosthenes determines the circumferences of Earth. 5. Appollonius studies conic sections. 6. Al-Khowarizmi uses zero. 830 A.D. 7. Rudolff introduces the radical sign. 1525 A.D. 8. Tartaglia solves cubic equations. 1535 A.D. 9. Recorde introduces the equals sign. 1557 A.D. 10. Stevin introduces decimals. 1585 A.D. 11. Harriot introduces the inequality signs. 1610 A.D. 12. Napier invents logarithms. 1614 A.D. 13. Oughtred invents the slide rule. 1630 A.D. 14. Descartes creates analytic geometry. 1637 A.D. 15. Fermat leaves last theorem. 1647 A.D. 16. Pascal and Fermat discuss theory of probability in their correspondence. 1654 A.D. 17. Newton invents calculus. 1665 A.D. 18. Leibniz invents calculus. 1675 A.D. 19. Wallace introduces the symbol for infinity(Â ¥). 1685 A.D. 20. Saccheri writes Euclid Freed of Every Flaw. 1733 A.D. 21. Goldbach states famous conjecture. 1742 A.D. 22. Euler shows that epi + 1 = 0. 1748 A.D. 23. Agnesi writes foundations of Analysis. 1748 A.D. 24. Lambert proves p is irrational. 1768 A.D. 25. Argand graphs imaginary numbers. 1806 A.D. 26. Gauss determines the convergence of infinite series. 27. Godel publishes incompleteness theorems. 1831 A.D. 28. Galois writes about group theory. 1832 A.D. 29. Lovelace describes how to program Babbages Analytical Engine. 1842 A.D. 30. Riemann creates elliptic geometry. 1854 A.D. 31. Mobius strip is discovered. 1858 A.D. 32. Kovalevski is the first woman to earn a doctorate in mathematics. 1874 A.D. 33. Cantor creates transfinite numbers. 1895 A.D. 34. Whitehead and Russell write Principia Mathematica. ...

3 opciones para migrantes en casos de deportación

3 opciones para migrantes en casos de deportacià ³n Cuando un migrante recibe un Notice to Appear en Corte migratoria para el inicio de un caso de deportacià ³n o un Immigration Hold, cuando ya est en custodia, debe informarse de cules son sus opciones. La deportacià ³n, que puede afectar a cualquier persona extranjera en los Estados Unidos, incluidos los Residentes Permanentes Legales, puede lucharse, para lo cual lo ms recomendable es contar con un abogado migratorio. Tambià ©n puede aceptarse, lo cual tiene como consecuencia que el migrante sale de Estados Unidos o puede ignorarse, convirtiendo al migrante en un prà ³fugo. En este artà ­culo se informa de las opciones para luchar la deportacià ³n y de las opciones y consecuencias de la misma. Finalmente, se explica por quà © es muy mala idea ignorar un procedimiento abierto o una orden de deportacià ³n. 10 opciones que tienen los migrantes para evitar una deportacià ³n En realidad son varias las posibles opciones. Sin embargo es muy importante entender que hay que cumplir los requisitos para poder beneficiarse. Y como la ley migratoria puede ser complicada realmente este es el momento para contar con un abogado, de pago o pro bono. Entre las opciones destacan las siguientes: 1. Cancelacià ³n de deportacià ³n En cuanto a los requisitos, hay una diferencia importante segà ºn se trate de un residente permanente legal o el migrante est en otra categorà ­a. Personas que no son titulares de una green card. Tambià ©n conocida como seccià ³n 42B Para poder solicitar que se cancele su deportacià ³n debern cumplir los siguientes requisitos: Vivir en EEUU de forma continua por al menos 10 aà ±os que se puede probar con pago de impuestos, contratos de renta, facturas mà ©dicas, etc.Poder demostrar buena conducta moral en los à ºltimos 10 aà ±os.Estar casado con un ciudadano estadounidense o con un residente permanente legal o tener hijos o padres que lo son. Y que la expulsià ³n de la persona sobre la que pende la deportacià ³n pueda causar a sus familiares estadounidenses o residentes permanentes penuria extrema.Este punto es fundamental, ya que no vale simplemente con tener una familia americana o residente permanente. Debe necesariamente probarse que la deportacià ³n causarà ­a un gran perjuicio a la parte legal de la familia, como por ejemplo en los casos en los que haya una enfermedad grave en la familia.No ser un riesgo para la seguridad nacional de EEUU.No haber cometido y haber sido sentenciado por causa criminal.No haber celebrado un matrimonio de conveniencia por papeles.Haber entrado a EEUU a travà ©s de una aduana terrestre, puerto o aeropuerto donde un oficial de inmigracià ³n tomà ³ registro de la entrada. Es decir, aquellas personas que ingresaron a EEUU simplemente cruzando la frontera por un lugar no vigilado no pueden solicitar la cancelacià ³n de la deportacià ³n. No haber falsificado documentos para lograr la entrada en EEUU. Residente permanente legal tambià ©n conocido como seccià ³n 42A Debe haber vivido continuamente en EEUU despuà ©s de haber sido legalmente admitido por un mà ­nimo de 7 aà ±os hasta la fecha en que recibià ³ el Notice to appear o cometià ³ la ofensa que da lugar al immigration hold.Debe ser titular de una green card por al menos 5 aà ±os a contar hasta la fecha en la que se pide la cancelacià ³n.El delito que ha cometido no puede ser un delito agravado (aggravated felony, en inglà ©s).No puede ser un riesgo ni para la seguridad pà ºblica ni para la seguridad nacional de EEUU   2. CAT Son las siglas en inglà ©s de Convencià ³n en Contra de la Tortura. Para beneficiarse de CAT el migrante debe probar que tiene un riesgo superior al 50 por ciento de ser torturado por su gobierno o con el consentimiento del mismo si regresa a su paà ­s. Este estndar es muy difà ­cil de probar. 3. Suspensià ³n de la deportacià ³n Es lo que se conoce en inglà ©s como withholding of removal. Se parece al asilo porque se da por las mismas causas, pero es inferior en el tipo de proteccià ³n que otorga. Asà ­, en los caos de suspensià ³n de la deportacià ³n ya hay una orden para ser deportado y una vez que se consigue la suspensià ³n se puede estar en Estados Unidos legalmente pero no hay un camino hacia la green card ni tampoco posibilidad de traer a Estados Unidos a la familia inmediata. Adems, es necesario pagar anualmente una cuota para renovar el permiso de trabajo y no se puede viajar fuera de los Estados Unidos. Si se hace, se considerar que el migrante se ha autodeportado y ser prcticamente imposible regresar a USA. 4. Asilo Se puede evitar la deportacià ³n pidiendo asilo siempre y cuando el extranjero tenga un miedo real y fundamentado de que ser perseguido si regresa a su paà ­s por sus opiniones polà ­ticas, creencias religiosas o por pertenecer a un determinado grupo à ©tnico o social. 4. Stay of removal Esta medida aplica a migrantes indocumentados que tienen una orden de deportacià ³n con fecha fija antes de la cual deben abandonar Estados Unidos. En algunos casos se puede solicitar que no se cumpla la orden de deportacià ³n en esa fecha y se asegura que sà ­ se saldr del paà ­s, pero posteriormente. El Stay of removal se solicita en la oficina local del ERO, pagando una cuota que en la actualidad es de $155 y presentando documentacià ³n que justifique la razà ³n de la peticià ³n. Si es concedida generalmente se coloca al migrante bajo una orden de supervisià ³n y tendr que pagar una fianza (bond) de al menos $1,500 pero que puede ser superior. En cuanto a la posibilidad de trabajar legalmente, en algunos casos se concede un permiso de trabajo. 5. Ajuste de estatus La persona sobre la que pende una orden de deportacià ³n puede pedirle al juez que la suspenda mediante un ajuste de estatus. Ejemplos de casos: El cà ³nyuge y los hijos y padres de ciudadanos estadounidenses siempre y cuando se cumplan los requisitos para que el ciudadano pueda solicitar por và ­nculo familiar una tarjeta verde para el extranjero.Por certificacià ³n laboral y una persona resulta elegible para obtener una green card por razà ³n laboral.Cuando la persona sobre la que pende la deportacià ³n tiene una aplicacià ³n anterior para cambio de ajuste migratorio. 6. Và ­ctimas de violencia domà ©stica Por aplicacià ³n de VAWA, los cà ³nyuges  residentes permanentes o ciudadanos estadounidenses y sus hijos podrn quedarse si han estado fà ­sicamente en EEUU por al menos tres aà ±os y han sido abusados por sus cà ³nyuges. Podrn conseguir la green card aunque se divorcien del esposo abusivo. 7. Và ­ctimas de violencia que colaboran con la policà ­a o fiscalà ­a La visa U permite a las và ­ctima de determinados delitos permanecer en Estados Unidos y obtener un estatus legal. Son necesarios que se cumplan varios requisitos, entre ellos, la colaboracià ³n con las fuerzas del orden para esclarecer el delito. 8. Motion to Supress Esta herramienta es muy rara en corte migratoria pero sà ­ que es posible. Un abogado puede utilizarla para defender a su cliente cuando el ICE ha violado los derechos constitucionales del migrante.   9. Acusacià ³n discrecional Esto es lo que se   conoce en inglà ©s como prosecutorial discretion. Es muy raro en casos migratorios de deportacià ³n pero sà ­ que es cierto que todos los aà ±os se producen   casos. Bsicamente significa que no se ejecuta una orden de deportacià ³n. 10. Perdones Dependiendo del caso de cada migrante, existen perdones que se pueden solicitar bajo el amparo de la ley de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a, conocida como INA, en sus apartados 212 letra c y letra h. Opciones cuando no hay lucha contra la deportacià ³n En algunos casos es posible llegar a un acuerdo para una salida voluntaria, la cual tiene ventajas sobre una deportacià ³n a cargo del gobierno.   En los casos de deportacià ³n es importante destacar que todas llevan una penalidad y que en algunos casos es posible aplicar por un perdà ³n, pero que cada migrante debe entender los requisitos que aplican segà ºn su caso. Tambià ©n destacar que, dependiendo del caso de cada uno, ser posible regresar aà ºn sin perdà ³n, dejando pasar un periodo de tiempo, que depende del caso de cada uno. Asimismo, recordar que en algunos casos es imposible regresar legalmente a Estados Unidos. No hay cosas como hacer desaparecer el rà ©cord migratorio pasado, eso es sà ³lo cuento de personas sin escrà ºpulos que desean aprovecharse de la desesperacià ³n de los migrantes. Por à ºltimo destacar que si un migrante deportado ingresa ilegalmente a Estados Unidos est cometiendo un delito, con todas las consecuencias que ello conlleva. La opcià ³n de desaparecerse o no hacer caso a una orden de deportacià ³n Algunos migrantes no se presentan a las citas en corte migratoria. En estos casos el resultado es una orden de deportacià ³n dictada en ausencia. En otros, no se cumplen con la orden de salir de los Estados Unidos. En uno y otro caso el migrante ser deportado inmediatamente si las autoridades migratorias lo agarran de alguna forma, que puede ser en un raid o simplemente en una parada de trfico cuando se va en un auto en el que ni siquiera se es el conductor. En estos casos no hay opciones. Simplemente se procede a la deportacià ³n. Abogados para casos de deportacià ³n Precisamente porque la deportacià ³n es un asunto muy serio con graves consecuencias se recomienda encarecidamente presentarse en corte con un abogado migratorio competente. Se puede buscar en AILA, que es la asociacià ³n de abogados de inmigracià ³n, o pedir consejo para referencias a organizaciones competentes de asistencia a migrantes que incluso en algunos casos pueden referir a abogados pro bono, es decir, que no cobran por sus servicios. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

IKEA assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

IKEA assignment - Essay Example The stores include restaurants and child care. Electric carts are provided for people who need them. IKEA’s products are trendy yet inexpensive relative to the market. The product line is very extensive. And IKEA prints and distributes more catalogues each year than the world produces Bibles (Roth). The company has found itself in a position of prominence because of the unique strategy it has developed since its inception as a small mail-order merchant in Sweden in 1943. Its founder, Ingvar Kamprad, was a man of vision who started developing this strategy from the very beginning. It took him only twelve years to develop his model. He put the final touches on it in 1965 when he opened a large store in suburban Stockholm that resembles today’s stores worldwide. A great deal of IKEA’s strategy is embedded in what it calls the IKEA Concept. According to the IKEA Web site, the IKEA Concept â€Å"is based on offering a wide range of well designed, functional home furn ishing products at prices so low that as many people as possible will be able to afford them.† The site also suggests that IKEA’s target market is the middle class, not the upper class that has always been able to buy trendy furniture. The Web site also discusses the way its products are designed, manufactured, and distributed. There is mention of how the products are assembled. In a sense, this is a fallacy because most IKEA furniture products are sold disassembled which is one of the reasons why they can be sold as cheaply as they are. Although Kamprad initially bought the furniture he sold, he soon changed his strategy by manufacturing the furniture himself. He designed his furniture to be functional and yet easy and inexpensive to build. The furniture was sold disassembled to save on manufacturing costs. And it was displayed in the store with detailed explanation tickets to alleviate the need for salesperson assistance, thus cutting down on the cost of labor (Owens) . A major competitive advantage that IKEA has is its control over the channels of production and distribution. It controls a network of 1800 suppliers in more than 50 countries (Normann and Ramirez). Because marketing channels are so critical on market acceptance and overall economic performance, creating a formal planning process for designing and selecting channels is imperative (Stern & El-Ansary: 222). Much of this control is spelled out in its code of conduct that it calls â€Å"The IKEA Way on Purchasing Home Furnishing Products.† This code was launched in 2000. It defines what suppliers can expect from IKEA and specifies what IKEA expects from its suppliers. It not only spells out its expectations in terms of legal requirements, working conditions, external environment, and forestry management, but also puts a great deal of emphasis on the active prevention of child labor (IKEA Web site). Partly for societal reasons and partly because it is just plain good business, IK EA has become very environmentally aware. For example, for decades the firm has worked to minimize the use of formaldehyde in its products. For 25 years, IKEA has applied the German formaldehyde legal requirement for all its products in all markets. The Germans have the strictest standard in the world. IKEA even applies this standard in countries where no limit exists. The German limit is such that even persons who are overly sensitive to formaldehyde should not experience any problems